Budgeting and Finance

One of the most important responsibilities a local elected official has is oversight of the agency’s spending. This oversight takes several forms, each of which are summarized below.

Cover of a document titled "Understanding the Basics of Municipal Revenues in California" from the Institute for Local Government.

Understanding the Basics of Municipal Revenues in California: Cities, Counties and Special Districts (2016) / Entendiendo los Ingresos de los Condados y las Cuidades (2013)

Understanding the Basics of Municipal Revenues in California: Cities, Counties and Special Districts provides a plain language explanation of where…

Financial Management for Elected Officials: Questions to Ask / Administración Financiera para Oficiales Electos:

This plain language publication, available in English and Spanish, helps elected officials, the media and the public understand the basics of local…

Budget Creation and Monitoring

Budgets are an agency’s tool for linking near-term goals with the resources available to achieve them, while keeping in mind long-term goals and…

Financial Reporting and Accounting

Financial reports are an essential oversight tool. There are two basic kinds of financial reports.

Capital Financing & Debt Management

Debt financing is neither a “bad” nor a “good”—it is simply a tool for achieving community goals.

Cash Management and Investments

Sometimes, public agencies have funds on hand that are being held for longer-term needs.

Local Agency Financial Policies & Practices

Financial policies can provide a solid foundation for sound public agency fiscal practices.

Purchasing & Contracting Practices

Purchasing presents a number of ethical and legal hazards for local officials, despite what can be a relatively small impact on overall agency…

Looking Ahead: Long-Term Financial Planning Why Do Fiscal Forecasts?

Forecasting helps the agency think about the factors affecting the agency’s fiscal health (and what can and cannot be done about them).